Biography of Miles Davis free essay sample

Guys Davis Is viewed as one of the most powerful jazz artists ever. Being a trumpeter, keyboardist, author, and band-pioneer, Miles is liable for the advocacy of numerous styles of Jazz all through his long and productive profession. Miles Dewey Davis was naturally introduced to a wealthy family in the town of Alton, Illinois. The family claimed an enormous part of a homestead where Miles figured out how to ride ponies as a little fellow. In 1927 the family moved to East SST. Louis. Miles mother, Ocelot Henry, urged him to play the violin while his dad got him a trumpet when he turned thirteen and organized his first exercise with trumpeter Elwood Buchanan. One of the shopping center reasons Miles father picked the trumpet Is because of the reality Ocelot was irritated by its sound. His instructor focused on a style of play that didn't include vibrato. Miles conveyed this style all through his whole profession. We will compose a custom article test on Life story of Miles Davis or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Buchanan would send a clear message with a ruler each time he utilized vibrato. Guys had various proposals from groups when in secondary school yet his mom demanded he finish school before he proceeded with his music career.In 1944, the Billy Stickiness band came to SST. Louis. Conspicuous Jazz figures during the time Including Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker were a piece of the band. Because of one of the musicians being Ill, Miles assumed the situation of third trumpet for two or three weeks. After the band continued its typical condition, Males was deserted to complete his scholarly investigations as mentioned by his folks. In 1944, Miles moved to New York City with the goal of going to Jailbird School of Music. Rather than keeping with his investigations, Males was increasingly worried about his profession as a performer in a band.Miles made a portion of his first accounts in 1945 and furthermore Joined Charlie Parsers quintet. In spite of the fact that Miles was not as evolved during this time, his style was at that point effectively unmistakable and recognized. In 1949, Miles had the chance to lead a band which comprised of nine players, otherwise called a note. The band utilized non-conventional instruments in a jazz setting. Many believe this to be the introduction of. That equivalent year Miles visited Europe and played at that years Paris Jazz Festival in May. On account of his contact with individuals in the New York Clubs, Miles became dependent o heroin.Because of this, In 1953, Miles came back to his dads ranch and stayed there until his fixation was broken. In 1954 Miles made various significant chronicles, and started to use the Harmon quiet which obscured the sound of his trumpet. Guys utilized this quiet all through the remainder of his vocation. 1955 was maybe one of the most significant long stretches of Miles profession. Miles played one his most mainstream performances ever for Telethons Monks Round Midnight at the Newport Jazz Festival. Miles was very quickly advocated and kept on marking a record manage Columbia and structure his first quintet.Miles new quintet included John Chlorate as tenor saxophonist, Red Garland on concentrated basically on long melodic lines in which he originally tried different things with modular jazz. The gathering made its first account, Round About Midnight for Columbia Records in 1955. The gathering was not steady and due principally to heroin use among them, they disbanded in 1957. The following year the gathering transformed yet with the expansion of Julian Cannonball Dearly playing alto saxophone. The gathering was currently a sextet. They before long recorded the record, Milestones. In 1958 a few the band ashes were replaced.In March and April of 1959, Miles came back to the studio with his sextet to record maybe one of the most generally perceived and smash hit Jazz collections ever, Kind of Blue. In 1963, Miles Davis set up his second acclaimed quintet. Individuals included Wayne Shorter, Herb Hancock, Ron Carter, and multi year old drumming wonder Tony Williams. The band stayed together for a long time creating an alternate sort of Jazz that comprising of musical opportunity and a quicker rhythm. In 1968 Miles included a second keyboardist and started his experimentation with electric instruments.The first collection in this structure was In a Silent Way which was discharged in 1969. For this chronicle Miles was Joined by guitarist John McLaughlin and keyboardists Chick Corer and Joe Zanily. This collection prompted the weighty collection, Pitches Brew. Pitches Brew is viewed as one of the most inventive and new melodic styles made. The account was enlivened by various hallucinogenic artists of the time, for example, guitarist Jim Hendrix, Sly and the Family Stone, and vocalist James Brown. Miles band adjusted to electric instruments rather than the customary for recording ND live performances.As the sasss started, Miles proceeded with his experimentation with electrical instruments and moved marginally towards funk style music. Miles utilized way-path consequences for his trumpet in a large number of his exhibitions and chronicles. A few live collections were recorded during the early asss. In 1972, Miles recorded On the Corner, which consolidated funk music with customary Jazz. The record was not well known among the media and pundits due basically to its powerlessness to be ordered into a class of music. In 1974 Columbia recorded three Alps comprising of live exhibitions y Miles Davis.

Global Shopping Trends Essay Example

Worldwide Shopping Trends Essay Example Worldwide Shopping Trends Essay Worldwide Shopping Trends Essay stores, lists, on the web, call focuses, person to person communication, ddigital shows, versatile). Few, in any case, really see how customers are utilizing and shopping over every one of their channels (e. g. , utilizing web based life locales to get limits, setting off to the store to test the item and afterward buying the item on the web), and considerably less have a consistent, predictable and exhaustive multichannel procedure. In any case, having a far reaching multi channel methodology will turn out to be a higher priority than any time in recent memory. As customers become sawier, they are progressively assuming responsibility for their shopping experience, dentifying and utilizing a wide range of wellsprings of data and channels to upgrade the various components of their shopping Journey. As of this composition, 71 ppercent of respondents to the Deloitte U. S. 2011 Annual Holiday Survey were anticipating shopping various directs in some way seeing or looking into items in a single divert and buying in another, for test ple. Since clients don't recognize channels, retailers should bolster consistent combination among and between every one of them, including access to grouping, client informa tion and request data. Inside the following barely any years, almost certainly, onsumers will hope to utilize a cell phone to get realtime stock data about the nearest stores or to arrange an item while in a store and have it conveyed to their home. Along these lines, in 2012 almost certainly, retailers will proceed to create and dispatch imaginative multichannel arrangements. Retailers should have an away from of the shopping Journey and how customers move across channels, from portable to interpersonal interaction, the web and coming up. Seeing how they experience the prepurchase, buy, and post buy procedure will be critical to retailers distinguishing openings that both nhance their main concern and really bode well to purchasers. For instance, most huge retailers in created multichannel markets like the United States and the U. K. 2 of 14 no longer work in storehouses however have become brand and item showrooms that drive incomes over all channels and are goals for shoppers to accomplish something beyond essentially peruse and execute To help ssimilar iintegrated, consistent and predictable multichannel encounters, numerous retailers should reconsider their business and roll out crucial improvements over their associations in all capacities. With the mind boggling speed t which the iPhone 4S sold one million units in 24 hours, 4,000,000 the end of the week it was propelled and ssmartphones developing as the most prevailing shopper innovation stage, one can't specify multichannel without likewise talking about portable. In addition, since a noteworthy populace of portable clients has not arrived at shopping age, one can foresee that moDlle, ana all tne capaDllltles ana opportunltles It OTTers, will De top 0T mina among retailers in 2012. Versatile customers are not, at this point Just early adopters: They speak to a wide scope of buyer sections and have become some portion of the ainstream populace. For retailers hoping to stay applicable in this associated buyer condition, the capacity to use portable to convey an improved client experience will be a basic achievement factor. Certainly, there is a lot of aactivity in propelling versatile arrangements concentrated on the preshopping experience. Be that as it may, numerous retailers are making a plunge without an unmistakable procedure and few have propelled an iintegrated multichannel experience. Retailers that can convey an iintegrated client experience showing an away from of buyer inclinations and practices over the urchase procedure will have a bit of leeway over the opposition. In the race to put out a cool application, retailers must not disregard three significant components: Usability and the client experience, including incorporation focuses among portable and different channels. A poor client experience is more awful than no application by any stretch of the imagination. Security and protection. A mobilerelated security or protection break could seriously harm a retailers notoriety and hamper selection of portable abilities. Access for workers and colleagues. Deals partners need access to a similar data as the associated super client shoppers who walk hrough the entryway. Giving providers realtime perceivability into the area and assessed appearance time of shipments can at last advantage shoppers also. From information to personalization Data investigation and personalization will keep on being basic achievement factors in 2012 and past. In fact, personalization has become the standard for developing quantities of buyers. Given all the new channels through which retailers are communicating with purchasers, from pointofsale to versatile to online life locales, the sheer volume of information that can be gathered about buyers and their shopping practices keeps on paddling. The business is advancing rapidly in its information examination capacities and in its capacity to create customized showcasing efforts and client encounters. In any case, the progressing challenge for retailers will be the way to best dissect this rich information and get from it significant bits of knowledge about what shoppers need and need. While innovation is carrying radical changes to how individuals shop, the blocks andmortar store remains the center of retail. The physical store, in any case, is not, at this point the last shopping goal; progressively, it is turning into a piece in a bigger, increasingly associated client experience. This change will expect retailers to enhance and reexamine their working models in manners numerous couldnt even consider five years prior. In this, we will be understanding the conduct, design, shopping pattern in worldwide m arket. 3. Significant discoveries/lssues PreTerences over aeslgner items : SIX out respondents in the AsiaPacific 3 of 14 10 online study district said they are eager to pay extra for planner items, surpassing the worldwide normal by 17 ppercentage focuses. Proclivity for purchasing acclaimed brands is most elevated among respondents in the AsiaPacific (55%) and Middle East/ Africa (56%) markets, surpassing the worldwide normal of 47%. Source http://www. marketingprofs. com Chinese customers are the most ready to pay more for planner items (74% of respondents), and affection for celebrated brands is most elevated in India (74%).. Inclinations over creator items: Six out of 10 online study respondents in the Promotions: 78% of worldwide respondents state quality is their most significant item worry, with respondents in Latin America (83%) and Asia Pacific (82%) surpassing the worldwide normal. Cost is key too, with 65% of worldwide respondents positioning it as significant. % of worldwide customers know about advancements and limits and state items mind h unconditional presents are acceptable motivators (58%). Specifically, a huge ppercentage of customers in the Philippines (77%), Vietnam (75%), Greece (74%), and Turkey (72%) discover unconditional presents apealing. 4 of 14 Source marketingprofs. com . Looking: Latin Americans are the well on the way to search around, to have favored brands as a primary concern before shopping, and to test first before making a buy. North American respondents put minimal trust in items suggested by profes sionals (35%). Respondents in the Latin America and Middle East/Africa depend the most on the exhortation of 5 of 14 experts. Source marketingprofs. com Multichannel Shopping: With the capacity to shop anyplace at whenever with any gadget, buyers are requesting greatness and consistency every step of the way and are moving retailers and brands to keep up. The key The inexorably refined online customer One of the discoveries that sticks out and one substantial with suggestions for retailers was the selfdescribed modernity of the online customers we overviewed. A significant number of believed themselves to be profoundly able as far as looking into and buying nline. Actually, 72% of US respondents believe themselves to be either certain or specialists in such manner, marginally besting the 69% of worldwide respondents that view themselves as to De at tnls same level. 0T tne by and large gr owtn In onllne deals In 2012 originated from existing customers just purchasing increasingly online The notoriety of internet shopping is established in numerous elements What is it that is so alluring about web based shopping, paying little mind to nationality or topography? Theres a lot of worldwide consistency in the best five components refered to. The tried and true way of thinking is that the issue of cost is the main impetus or the development of web based shopping, and to be sure, it features among the best three reasons refered to by our review respondents Insights for the US Retail Industry, retailers can increase an extra edge oopportunity of 8% to 12% by offering free transportation, yet of retailers charge for delivery items. Maybe considerably increasingly effective is the way that 2 out of 3 US customers state they are probably going to drop a buy without free transportation The ideal multichannel buy Journey Online shopping has opened up gigantic new options for purchasers, regarding what they purchase, however how they get it. The Internet 6 of 14 has enabled the customer in three different ways: during the dynamic procedure prompting the buy; at the genuine snapshot of procurement; and tthroughout the item owinership period, including item conveyance, support, and return. The test in any event for certain retailers is that purchasers are beginning to carry on in unquestionably progressively modern manners, regardless of whether theyre purchasing costly things or week after week goods. Since most retailers havent yet made proficient multichannel models, purchasers are working it out for themselves, utilizing various directs in manners cap best suit them. Buyers may decide to inquire about an item in the store † a shoe maybe † then utilize their cell phone to locate a superior value on the web, and afterward call into the retailers client support line to arrange and have the shoe s

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Louis Thomas, Indian School of Business

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Louis Thomas, Indian School of Business Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when choosing a business school, but the educational experience is what is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we focus on  Louis Thomas  from the Indian School of Business (ISB). Also a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Louis Thomas (“Economics of Strategy”) received the ISB’s Professor of the Year Award from the school’s Mohali campus Class of 2013 for his excellence in teaching and mentorship. With a focus on competitive strategy, game theory, and organization economics, Thomas’s “Economics of Strategy” course is reportedly one of the most popular at the school. Students quoted on the ISB Web site have said of his teaching and class, “Economics was never so much fun!” and “Professor Thomas has been able to provide rationality to many decisions that companies over the world have taken. He took the entire ‘It Depends’ approach to something more concrete by looking from an economics perspective. He is a professor who is truly dedicated towards learning for students.” For more information about the ISB and 15 other top-ranked business schools, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Indian School of Business Professor Profiles Blog Archive Professor Profiles Louis Thomas, Indian School of Business Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when choosing a business school, but the educational experience is what is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we focus on Louis Thomas  from the Indian School of Business (ISB). Also a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Louis Thomas (Economics of Strategy) received the ISB’s Professor of the Year Award from the school’s Mohali campus Class of 2013 for his excellence in teaching and mentorship. With a focus on competitive strategy, game theory and organization economics, Thomas’s “Economics of Strategy” course is reportedly one of the most popular at the school. Students quoted on the ISB Web site have said of his teaching and class, “Economics was never so much fun!” and “Excellent course material, incredible sense of humor, intellectual rigour in class discussions.” For more information about the ISB and 15 other top-ranked business schools, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Indian School of Business Professor Profiles

The Role Of The Chorus And Its Impact On The Audience

THE ROLE OF THE CHORUS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE AUDIENCE IN OEDIPUS THE KING Angad Dev Singh History of Drama and Theater I Optional Research Paper Tenth of December 2014 The chorus is an essential feature of Greek classical drama. Instances of various types of dance, singing, and speech are some elements of a Greek chorus. â€Å"Composed of similarly costumed men, they performed on the orchestra located beneath the stage. The chorus stayed in the orchestra for the duration of the performance from which vantage point they observed and commented on the action of the characters.† Oedipus is a play written by Sophocles, a respected playwright, and it is â€Å"generally assumed that the main function of the Sophoclean chorus is a philosophical one; that it serves above all as the spokesman for a certain view of life.† The chorus can be dramatic in the following ways: â€Å"through the personality of the group forming the chorus and the appropriateness of their relationship to the action and the characters, through the iambic lines spoken by the coryphaeus, through physical participation in the action and through the choral songs.† The chorus is an important component of the Greek Tragedy Oedipus. Aside from its responsibility to effectively represent the people of Thebes, the chorus in Oedipus has a powerful influence over audience perceptions and emotions. Oedipus is a play centered around the mythical Greek King of Thebes and hisShow MoreRelatedRole Of The Chorus : Viewer Or Participant?1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of the Chorus: Viewer or Participant? Throughout the canon of Greek Tragedy, playwrights have told many stories with a wide range of characters. Tales of revenge, redemption, lust, greed, and pride, as told by gods, kings, heroes, and murderers among many others. Throughout all of these works, one aspect remains consistent: that of the chorus. This group, which interjects periodically throughout the play to sing in unison, is a feature common to all Greek tragedies. That being said, whenRead MoreThe Chorus as a Homonym 1168 Words   |  5 PagesEuripides’s Medea the Chorus is both a tool for characterization and representation of theme; however, the ways they function in their respective plays are noticeably different. The differences in the way the Choruses function in each respective play make the name of the character â€Å"the Chorus† a homonym, same name different meaning. The Chorus in Antigone functions to incorporate the technique of metatheatre. The purpose of metatheatre is to provide a separation between the audience and the actors inRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Sophocles Oedipus The King )1044 Words   |  5 PagesThe Forgotten Ones (Describe the Significance of the Chorus in Sophocles’ Oedipus the King) Oedipus the King is a famous play written by the renowned author Sophocles and first acted out back in 429 BC. It is the second of three plays written by Sophocles that dealt with Oedipus; the first one being Oedipus at Colonus and the last one being Antigone. 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Recognition is a change from ignorance to knowledge leading either to friendship or hostility depending on whether the character is marked with good fortuneRead More The Function of the Chorus in Henry V Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe Function of the Chorus in Henry V O for a muse of fire, The Chorus introduces the start of Henry V with imagery of flames and war. Shakespeare uses the Chorus to initiate the play and summarise each act to the audience before the next one begins. He is merely a tool to avoid the audience getting too confused. The function for the chorus is merely a practical one, by summarising the plot at every available opportunity; there is little chance for confusion, evenRead MoreThe Ancient Greek Of Ancient Greece1690 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical power. The voice of the actor was greatly amplified by the shape of the masks. The audiences were able to hear the actors when they were in masks. Moreover, the types of clothing in both The Bacchae and The Antigone were a representation of the Greek culture. Stage in most ancient Greek plays was composed of four main areas. The first was around place in which plays and acts were done. The audience sat on the ‘theatron’, then there was the building behind the ‘state’ which was decoratedRead MoreThe Impact Of Ancient Greek Theater And Tragedy1703 Words   |  7 PagesMichimasa Kamata HUM 101-007 3/17/16 The Impact of Ancient Greek Theater and Tragedy Ancient Greek culture has influenced our modern culture in many ways from philosophy to medicine to government. We still use many of their concepts, technology, and even alphabet system. Without ancient Greece, our modern world would not have advanced as far. A significant contribution of the ancient Greek culture to the world today is the Greek theater, more specifically the structure of tragedy. Some contributionsRead MoreAncient Greek Theatre and Drama1648 Words   |  7 Pageswe look at theatre presently, and will forever be the reason the world loves theatre as much as it does today. Ancient Greek theatre is significant to theatre history due to the Great Dionysia, the actors, genres, and playwrights, and continues to impact modern theatre today. First, the Great Dionysia, also called City Dionysia, is where tragedy and comedy originated. It was a Greek festival celebrated in honor of the god of wine and fertility, Dionysus. These popular festivals were attended by all

The Themes Listed Under Functional Age - 1294 Words

Research and Analysis The research analysis will now discuss the themes listed under functional age. It will elaborate on how biological, psychological and sociological factors contribute towards describing the definition of what it is to be old. As stated in my introduction, functional age has advantages over chronological age by better measuring the capabilities of an individual. Seniors are often stereotyped and underestimated that has led it to being generalized across the elder population. This report will use peer reviewed research articles and the lived experience of a senior to support the thesis. Biological changes are probably the most noticeable change to an individual in regards to the topic of aging. This theme looks at how old the individual seems to be by measurements of how well the body is performing. Variables can range from vitals such as heart rate, blood pressure or lab tests like glucose levels and liver function to any other factors that play into allowing the individual to perform various activities of daily living. According to a research report done on whether limitations where were more prevalent towards a population between 55 to 69 were not statistically significant in terms of vision, hearing, cognitive functioning, and ADLs (Choi, Schoeni, Martin, 2016). The researcher studied more than 72,000 subjects between the years of 1998 to 2012 in the United States. Data collection was done through a longitudinal survey either over the phone or inShow MoreRelatedDiversity Within The Workplace And How Communication Is The Driving Force Behind It Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity in the workplace and how communication is the driving force behind it. 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As one can see, the positions held by the listed authors’, are of importance to this study, by reason of the exposure of the changes seen in the new health care delivery models in all fields of nursing including the above authors’ designated fields of nursing. Abstract While reviewing the abstractRead MoreStrategy Integration - Vermont Teddy Bear7515 Words   |  31 Pages................................................... i  © 2008 Richard E Murphy Executive Summary This case study of Vermont Teddy Bear (VTB) Co., Inc. is an analysis focused on applying Strategic Management principles of business and functional level strategy. The Analysis explores five areas. 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Ray Bradbury s August 26 There Will Come Soft Rains

In the short story ‘August 26: There Will Come Soft Rains’, the author Ray Bradbury uses the machines, paint stains, and the dog as symbols to reinforce the idea that the technology that humans have created can help us but that it can lead to the destruction of humanity. Ray Bradbury wanted to explore this idea because he lived through a war of nuclear destruction. He has seen what has happened to the world in times of mass devastation and destruction. At the time of writing the short story, it was years after World War 2, and the world was still recovering from the damages created. Bradbury shows how even years after a war it was still fresh in people’s minds by writing a story that correlated with the world he lived in. Bradbury wanted†¦show more content†¦The symbolic use of the machines shows that they were helpful to the family by helping them in their day to day life. The stove automatically cooked all their food, and the mice cleaned the floor. Ray Bradbury uses a metaphor to show that the appliances in the house did everything for the needs of the family. He does this by comparing the relationship between the humans and the machines to people devoted to religions like the machines were servants to the family. The story explains that the people relied on technology to do their duties for them. It was because of the reliance on technology that people thought that it would solve all their problems. Bradbury purpose of the machines was to show how the exploitation of the machines by the humans had created the disaster. It was the mistreatment of technology that created the tragedy that had taken place before the story began. The symbol of the machines reinforces that humans used the technology to gain power and they used it in the wrong way that consequently took humanity’s life. The advancements in technology made it easier to create fully automated machines, but the advancements were also responsible for the creation of nuclear weapons that lead to the destruction. All we see left of the family are their shadows as they died in the sudden, swift explosion. â€Å"...their images burned on wood in one titanic instant...† The almost calming butShow MoreRelatedRay Bradbury s August 2026 : There Will Come Soft Rains1121 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short story ‘August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains’, the author Ray Bradbury uses the house, shadows of the family, and the dog as symbols to reinforce the idea that the technology humans have developed can lead to our eradication. Ray Bradbury wanted to explore this idea because he lived through the destruction of a nuclear war. He observed what had happened to the world in times of mass devastation and destruction. It was five years after World War Two when he wrote the short story, and

Auditing Challenge Fair Value Measurements -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Auditing Challenge Fair Value Measurements? Answer: Introducation Account Receivable is the sum that is receivable by the organization with respect to provide the products and services. Consequently, the record related with the record receivable is the credit sales account. The ratio of account receivable is computed by measuring the net sales on credit for the normal receivable time. Analysis it has been investigated from the given contextual analysis that every one of the exercises related with receivables are performed by officials assigned for undertaking the receivables. For instance, the client may return any purchased product owing to any fault in the product, in the wake of taking note of down the reason of return and finish of documentation, the credit note for the client is raised by the trade receivable assistant. Further, the posting of journal and additionally receipts from the indebted individuals are passed on to him, who set up the bank store slip. Hence the associated risk is regarded as high (Knechel Salterio, 2016).. Risk related to audit as every one of the exercises identified with the receivables are performed by the trade receivable assistant, there associated a risk that the receivable might be misused by the agent or the receivables may recorded at lesser sum. Audit steps for risk minimization to lessen the dangers related with debt claim of GPSA different exercises related with the receivables must be isolated among different representatives Current investment Accounts the venture will be changed over to money with the time of 3 months to a year. It is accounted for as the current asset and regarded as money or money reciprocals. Associated account with the current investment is the current investment. Analysis speculations are exposed to various accounting framework under various accounting approaches and the treatment will likewise be unique, consequently, risk related with current investment is regarded at medium level. Audit hazard the inalienable review chance that might be related with the present speculation is that the venture is made without considering the hazard and return factor (Louwers et al., 2015). Audit steps for risk minimization the arrival from the venture must be checked on routine basis. Further, the past development patterns of the speculation might be assessed before making the investment. Property assets Accounts the involved account with the property assets are the depreciation account and the account of fixed asset Analysis if the assets related to property are not appropriately recorded or the depreciation is not accounted for accurately, it will have incredible effect on the annual financial statement. In this way the risk related with the property resource is high (Jett et al., 2014). Risk related to audit the reviewer may not separate the benefits that were being used for over 180 days and under 180 days amid the year if the property assets were not recorded appropriately. Audit steps for risk minimization the asset record should be examined appropriately to check the sale and buy of the property resources. Further, the impairment, deletions and additions shall be checked appropriately. Intangible assets Accounts specifically, the accounts associated with the intangible assets are the patent, goodwill or any rights. Analysis the intangible assets shall be evaluated to understand the recognition method and the value. Further, the evaluation shall also be carried out to find out whether the intangible asset has indefinite life or some specific period of life. Thus the associated risk with the intangible asset is considered as high. Risk related to audit as the intangible assets do not have any physical existence the fair value and useful life determination of the intangible assets is considered as a complex task. Thus the associated risk with intangible asset is considered as high (Grener, 2017). Audit steps for risk minimization fair value of the intangible assets must be analysed by the experts related to accounts. Moreover, process for analysing and measuring the fair value shall be controlled properly. Capitalisation of research and development Accounts it is found that the research carried out by GPSA was not considered as successful and therefore, the expenditure related to the research and development will be debited under the profit and loss account. However, it was further found that the development was considered as successful and therefore shall be capitalized. Analysis there is very less difference among the determination of expenses related to development and research as unsuccessful and successful. Further, as the expenses associated with the research and developments are high the risk association will also be considered as high. Risk related to audit the research and development expense is exposed to the inherent risk of segregating the expenses as unsuccessful or successful. Further, it is also found that there is risk related to determination of exact amount spend for research and development (Martin, Sanders Scalan, 2014). Audit steps for risk minimization all the records of the research and development expenses shall be analysed properly and periodically. Moreover, before considering the research as unsuccessful or successful, the management shall carry out proper market research. Ratio analysis for business risk assessment Return on equity the shareholders profitability with regard to the equity are in risk as the return on equity ratio of the company indicates that the companys efficiency in generating income from shareholders investment is decreasing. It is evidential from the fact that the return on equity ratio is in decreasing trend and fell to 7.19% from 22.17%. Return on the total asset this ratio is stating that the companys ability to EBIT is decreasing as the ratio fell to 4.86% during 2017 from 15.51% during 2015. It exposes the company with the profitability risk. Net profit margin ratio - this ratio is stating that the companys ability to EBIT is decreasing as the ratio fell to 10.38% during 2017 from 17.85% during 2015. It exposes the company with the profitability risk. Interest earned times this ratio is indicating that the company is not efficient in saving sufficient amount to earn income from interest. It is evidential from the fact that the return on equity ratio is in decreasing trend and fell to 7.19% from 22.17% Account receivable days the company is exposed to the bad-debt risk as the account receivable time increased to 83.07 days from 53.24 days. Current ratio the increasing current ratio to 1.80 indicates that the company is inefficient in utilising the working capital Debt to equity ratio the company is exposed to the risk related to investor and creditors payment as maximum amount of the company will go for interest payment. This is evidential from the fact that the companys leverage ratio is as high as greater than 1. System of internal control Trade receivable at the end of each of the month, the receivables are reviewed and reconciled with debtors control information. Doubtful debts - While setting up the subsequent arrangement for the balance considering the doubtful debts, in the examples where the adjust is over as far as possible, the shipment of further products to that specific client is withheld if a base recommended sum is not gotten. Password security - While the updated IT framework was getting introduced, the monetary controller, the administration and the director of sales were effectively included to evaluate the accomplishment of the framework. Further, the application programs were entirely secured with secret password for accessing the programs Bonus payment - The payment of bonus to the administration staffs are explored by the investors of the organization and at whatever point there is any change with the month to month spending plan, the individual dependable is solicited to clarify the reason from fluctuation Allowance of rebate - Discount permitted to the esteemed clients is approved by director of sales before renewing the suitable rebates to the clients. Analysis of ageing - Aged investigation for receivables is set up by the PC toward the finish of every month, thinking about every one of the solicitations that are handled into the framework. The matured investigation is additionally examined by the budgetary controller and the receivables due for over 90 days are isolated and the exchange receivable representative is made a request to express the explanation for the postponement in instalment Alleviation of risk Engagement of single individual for various tasks All the tasks related with receivables is performed by the exchange receivable assistant as it were. For instance, the client may return any purchased product owing to any fault in the product, in the wake of taking note of down the reason of return and finish of documentation, the credit note for the client is raised by the trade receivable assistant. Further, the posting of ledger and receipts from the indebted individuals are passed on to him, who set up the bank store slip. Playing out every one of the exercises by a similar individual opens to the danger of misrepresentation, blunder or misappropriation whether deliberately or unexpectedly. Database access Though strict secret key is connected to control the entrance on the projects identified with IT works, the entrance to the database is not watchword secured which thus will open the framework to unapproved access (Hay, 2015). Manual conveyance notes For despatching the tiles to the client's manual notes for the conveyance are raised that opens the framework to deliberate or inadvertent mistake with the conveyance sum. Further, the manual framework is helpless to extortion or misappropriation. Test of the control It is the procedure of the audit that analyse the system of internal control and its efficiency in preventing and detecting the client companys material misstatement or error. As per the outcome, the auditor plans his audit and can set the level of reliance on the clients internal control system. The test of the control are differentiated as below Observation for the purpose of observation, the process of business and the associated internal control are evaluated Re-performance for re-performance, any new transaction is started for analysing the efficiency of internal control (Eilifsen et al., 2013). Inspection the related documents like signature, stamps and authorization are checked to analyse the system of internal control. Test of the control for effective control are mentioned below Bonus payment under this, the observation approach shall be used Protection through password inspection approach shall be used for password protection Discount allowance for this purpose, the re-performance strategy shall be applied Trade receivables - for this purpose, the re-performance strategy shall be applied Aging analysis - for this purpose, the inspection and observation strategy shall be applied Doubtful debts - for this purpose, the re-performance strategy shall be applied Internal control weakness for trade receivables and sale As the clerk of trade receivable is solely answerable for all the activities connected with the trade receivables, there may be risks of intentional or unintentional misstatement, fraud or error (Cannon Bedard, 2016). The bank receipts are reconciled with the trade receivables at the closing of every month. However, for a crucial item like receivable, the reconciliation process shall be carried out more frequently. As the journals related to sales are prepared on monthly basis, it exposes the risk that the documents may be misstated or misplaces (Barton Bruder, 2014). As bonuses are paid on the basis of sales volume, this exposes the risk that fictitiously the sales will be shown at enhanced value For selling the tiles, the company issues manual notes of delivery. However, the manual notes are exposed to the risks of misstatement fraud or error. Reference Barton, H., Bruder, N. (2014).A guide to local environmental auditing. Routledge. Cannon, N. H., Bedard, J. C. (2016). Auditing challenging fair value measurements: Evidence from the field.The Accounting Review,92(4), 81-114. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W. F., Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F. (2013).Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Grener, A. (2017). Risk Based Internal Audit. InRisk Management, Strategic Thinking and Leadership in the Financial Services Industry(pp. 261-275). Springer International Publishing. Hay, D. (2015). The frontiers of auditing research.Meditari Accountancy Research,23(2), 158-174 Jett, J. R., Peek, L. J., Fredericks, L., Jewell, W., Pingleton, W. W., Robertson, J. F. (2014). Audit of the autoantibody test, EarlyCDT-lung, in 1600 patients: an evaluation of its performance in routine clinical practice.Lung cancer,83(1), 51-55. Knechel, W. R., Salterio, S. E. (2016).Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Louwers, T. J., Ramsay, R. J., Sinason, D. H., Strawser, J. R., Thibodeau, J. C. (2015).Auditing assurance services. McGraw-Hill Education. Martin, K., Sanders, E., Scalan, G. (2014). The potential impact of COSO internal control integrated framework revision on internal audit structured SOX work programs.Research in Accounting Regulation,26(1), 110-117.

Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American Peop essays

Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American Peop essays Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People The motives behind the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 remained unclear to many people throughout the world. Shortly after the attacks waged upon New York, Washington and Pennsylvania, President George W. Bush delivered his speech, Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People. This speech successfully explained the United States stance on terrorism. He also educated us on exactly who the terrorists are, discussed Americas plan for resolution and attempted to dissolve any fear in which Americans may have felt. In the following paragraphs I will explain the strategies, advantages and barriers President Bush faced while delivering this highly successful and motivational speech. This speech is unlike any other that President Bush has had to deliver. President Bush says, In the normal course of events, Presidents come to this chamber to report on the state of the Union. Tonight, no such report is needed. It has already been delivered by the American people(Bush, p.1). The goals of this speech are clearly outlined. He speaks about our freedom being attacked and assures us that justice will be brought to terrorists. The president wants to make sure every American understands what happened on September 11th. He wants to state whom these terrorists are, why they committed these crimes, Americas plans toward achieving justice and hopes to urge the American people to go on about their normal lives. In the beginning of President Bushs speech, the audience to whom he is speaking is clearly announced. Mr. Speaker, Mr. President Pro Tempore, members of congress, and fellow Americans are among the groups listed. These Americans can clearly be listed as advantages. Almost every American show's support for President Bush and our fight on terrorism. Also listed are a number of countries that have showed suppor...

Cell Parts essays

Cell Parts essays A Cell, the basic building block of life, consists of many parts. Cells are microscopic units that make up all living things, and are alive themselves. There are two types of cells, an animal and a plant cell. Plant and animal cells have different parts. Cells have a cell membrane, a nucleus, a nuclear membrane, a nucleolus, and chromosomes. The cell membrane is what gives the cell shape and holds the cytoplasm. The cell membrane is what helps control what moves in and out of the cell. The nucleus is what controls most of the cells activities, so in other words, it is the brain of the cell. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells dont. Like a human brain determines how and when your body will move, the nucleus determines how and when proteins will be made. The nucleus also passes traits from parents to offspring. The nucleolus or nucleoli is the cell part that helps make ribosomes. Cells have more than one nucleolus and it is found inside the nucleus. Lastly, the chromosomes are cell parts with information that determines what traits a living thing will have. They are thread like structures that are also found inside the nucleus. These parts can be found in both a plant and animal cell. The cytoplasm is also found in both plant and animal cells. The cytoplasm is the clear jellylike material found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It is what makes up most of the cell and it is where most of the cells chemical reactions take place. The cytoplasm can be compared to fruit in gelatin or jello. The gelatin would be the cytoplasm and the fruit set inside the gelatin are the several cell parts that are found in the cytoplasm. There are many cell parts inside the cytoplasm, but not all are in both plant and animal cells. In both plant and animal cells you can find vesicles, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria, and the golgi complex or apparatus. The vesicles are what help mo ...

Sociology unit 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sociology unit 5 - Essay Example JÐ µrry nÐ µÃ µds to lÐ µarn from thÐ µ mistakÐ µs of othÐ µr companiÐ µs that havÐ µ Ð µxpandÐ µd in Asia in gÐ µnÐ µral, and in thÐ µ hugÐ µ markÐ µt of China spÐ µcifically, and failÐ µd. ThÐ µ projÐ µct managÐ µmÐ µnt packagÐ µ shows how JÐ µrry nÐ µÃ µds to lÐ µarn from companiÐ µs likÐ µ Lincoln and ChÐ µvrolÐ µt, which had problÐ µms Ð µxpanding duÐ µ to a lack of attÐ µntion to intÐ µgral host culturÐ µs. â€Å"For many, thÐ µ concÐ µpt that thÐ µ way businÐ µss is donÐ µ hÐ µrÐ µ is not nÐ µcÐ µssarily thÐ µ way it's donÐ µ Ð µvÐ µrywhÐ µrÐ µ may comÐ µ as a rÐ µvÐ µlation. But thÐ µ consÐ µquÐ µncÐ µ of losing a dÐ µal or aliÐ µnating an ovÐ µrsÐ µas businÐ µss contact is rÐ µal, whÐ µthÐ µr it rÐ µsults from impropÐ µr tablÐ µ mannÐ µrs or a propÐ µnsity toward thÐ µ abrupt hardball tactics that tÐ µnd to kill a dÐ µal† (Sharif, 2002). ThÐ µ kÐ µy to succÐ µss is to lÐ µarn about thÐ µ h ost culturÐ µ, and do a lot of markÐ µt rÐ µsÐ µarch into how it diffÐ µrs from thÐ µ homÐ µ culturÐ µ. â€Å"WhilÐ µ any introductory Ð µxposition of a culturÐ µ is nÐ µcÐ µssarily basÐ µd on a particular pÐ µrspÐ µctivÐ µ to somÐ µ dÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ, it is important to find a starting placÐ µ for undÐ µrstanding how ChinÐ µsÐ µ-WÐ µstÐ µrn communications may bÐ µ facilitatÐ µd. ... And in Ð µxpanding into GÐ µrmany, thÐ µ organization of Lincoln nÐ µglÐ µctÐ µd to considÐ µr diffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µs in languagÐ µ and culturÐ µ in its global rÐ µsÐ µarch. As thÐ µ sociologist DurkhÐ µim suggÐ µsts, not all culturÐ µs havÐ µ thÐ µ samÐ µ valuÐ µs. ThÐ µ Ð µxamplÐ µ of thÐ µ ChÐ µvy Nova mÐ µntionÐ µd abovÐ µ, is a good illustration of how U.S. businÐ µssÐ µs havÐ µ traditionally run into problÐ µms by rÐ µlying too much on a cÐ µntralizÐ µd domÐ µstic command structurÐ µ that doÐ µs not givÐ µ sufficiÐ µnt local autonomy for markÐ µting and othÐ µr opÐ µrations. This is thÐ µ samÐ µ problÐ µm that Lincoln was running into in its GÐ µrman opÐ µrations. That is, ovÐ µrall, a dynamic global Ð µnvironmÐ µnt invitÐ µs dynamic rÐ µsponsivÐ µnÐ µss that is not thÐ µ samÐ µ thing as cÐ µntralizÐ µd dÐ µcision-making. â€Å"In gÐ µnÐ µral, it appÐ µars that countriÐ µs that takÐ µ advantagÐ µ of frÐ µÃ µ movà  µmÐ µnt of goods and sÐ µrvicÐ µs, labor and capital can thrivÐ µ in thÐ µ aggrÐ µgatÐ µ. HowÐ µvÐ µr, sound macroÐ µconomic policiÐ µs arÐ µ nÐ µcÐ µssary Although thÐ µ numbÐ µr of individual gainÐ µrs appÐ µars to outnumbÐ µr losÐ µrs in incrÐ µasÐ µd globalization, it is possiblÐ µ that thÐ µ losÐ µrs can crÐ µatÐ µ a backlash that will oncÐ µ again causÐ µ a rÐ µtrÐ µat† (Bordo, 2002). JÐ µrry nÐ µÃ µds to avoid mistakÐ µs likÐ µ thosÐ µ of Lincoln and ChÐ µvrolÐ µt, but this can bÐ µ rÐ µlativÐ µly Ð µasily donÐ µ by mixing third-party rÐ µsÐ µarch, markÐ µt profilÐ µs, and outsourcÐ µd hiring, to movÐ µ branch opÐ µrations into lÐ µaguÐ µ and connÐ µction with thÐ µ host culturÐ µ. In this mannÐ µr, thÐ µ nÐ µw projÐ µct can succÐ µÃ µd whÐ µrÐ µ othÐ µrs havÐ µ failÐ µd. Part 2 What arÐ µ somÐ µ potÐ µntial mÐ µthods of rÐ µsÐ µarching violÐ µncÐ µ

What does the Government, Local Community and Employers Want from Essay

What does the Government, Local Community and Employers Want from Colleges - Essay Example In that line, one can clearly tell that colleges are very fundamental institutions in modeling any country’s economy. The better the training offered by colleges the more the surety of good economic contributors. It is evident that communities and employers have to maintain close and detailed watch of the various colleges to scrutinize the kind of graduates they produce to the community and production plants. The governments also have some stakes in the operations and output of colleges in terms of the quality of graduates they release into the market. Communities’ Expectations from Colleges Colleges are not only centers for learning but also employment sectors that offer job opportunities to service providers to the students and learners. Keller reports that colleges are grouped into two different levels depending on the driving body. Keller indicates that there public colleges, which are specifically driven and monitored by governments of different regions. The other division of colleges according to Keller is the private colleges, which are actually monitored and managed by private bodies or organizations and not governments. The listed division of colleges recruits workers from the societies and offers different portions of wages to the employees at different levels of operations. Communities have it as a routine that private colleges will always offer higher incomes to it workers at different levels of operation (Keller). Public colleges on the other hand are institutions that offer lower income margins as compared to the private counterparts. However, Keller provides clarity that public colleges with the low salaries offered to employees have well established retirement pension schemes that rewarded to the retired workers. Communities therefore will always keep careful look at the public colleges to reward pensions to their former workers within a certain period. The fact is contrary to the private colleges, which do not initiate in long-ter m pension plans. In addition, communities expect that workers in the public sectors will comply with the national retirement age and retire at the exact age indicated in the legislations of a country. Private colleges on the other hand do not have close sensitivity on the retirement age of its employees and could at times contract aged and highly skilled professionals to continue serving the institutions. For that matter, members of the community who happened to work in the public colleges and have attained the retirement age will call back to the private colleges in search of employment (Keller). In the views of Anna, communities keep watch on colleges to lower the costs of learning in order to accommodate particular individuals who never got the opportunities to advance their education to university levels. Furthermore, communities view colleges as the appropriate avenues for undertaking lifelong learning that is essential for long-term success of individuals. Anna further states that communities expect colleges to produce graduates who can challenge and compete with individuals who underwent degree programs. Additionally, communities expect colleges to offer high standards of education guaranteed by highly qualified and hardworking teachers (Gladden). In addition, communities expect colleges to act as crossing bridges to universities for individuals who never performed better in the high schools (Gladden). Due to the perceived small numbers of students in college, communities expe

Wernicke’s Area and Speech Production Essay Example for Free

Wernicke’s Area and Speech Production Essay Wernicke’s Area Wernickes area is the region of the brain where spoken language is understood. Neurologist Carl Wernicke is credited with discovering the function of this brain region. The Wernickes area is located on the temporal lobe on the left side of the brain and is responsible for the comprehension of speech (Brocas area is related to the production of speech). Language development or usage can be seriously impaired by damage to this area of the brain. Functions of Wernicke’s Area includes: ââ€"  Language Comprehension ââ€"  Semantic Processing ââ€"  Language Recognition ââ€"  Language Interpretation Speech Production Speech production is the process by which spoken words are selected to be produced, have their phonetics formulated and then finally are articulated by the motor system in the vocal apparatus.  The production of spoken language involves three major levels of processing. The first is the processes of conceptualization in which the intention to create speech links a desired concept to a particular spoken word to be expressed. Here the preverbal intended messages are formulated that specify the concepts to be verbally expressed. This is a competitive process in which an appropriate word is selected among a cohort of candidates. The second stage is formulation in which the linguistic form required for that words expression is created. This process involves such processes as the generation of a syntactic frame, and phonological encoding which specifies the phonetic form of the intended utterance. At this stage a lemma is picked that is the abstract form of a word that lacks any information about the sounds in it (and thus before the word can be pronounced). It contains information concerning only meaning and the relation of this word to others in the sentence. The third stage is articulation which involves the retrieval of the particular motor phonetics of a word and the motor coordination of appropriate phonation and articulation by the lungs, glottis, larynx, tongue, lips, jaw, and other parts of the vocal apparatus. 2.2 Wernicke’s Aphasia The brain also can be impaired. Suharno (1982) identified one of the brain disorder that causes language disorders, namely CVA (Cerebral Vascular Accident) which means to damage blood vessels in the brain, is an example of local brain damage, and damage spread that attacks the brain. One of the brain disorders is Wernicke’s aphasia. Aphasia is partial or total loss of the ability to articulate ideas or comprehend spoken or written language, resulting from damage to the brain caused by injury or disease.  Wernickes aphasia is a language disorder that impacts language comprehension and the production of meaningful language. The disorder is related to damage to the Wernickes area. Individuals with Wernickes aphasia have difficulties understanding spoken language but are able to produce sounds, phrases, and word sequences. While these utterances have the same rhythm as normal speech, they are not language because no information is conveyed. 2.3 Case Example According to YouTube that uploaded by squirtofmylife on Feb 20, 2012 which titled â€Å"Wernicke’s aphasia Interview with Amelia Carter. She had stroke and know she has aphasia. In this video shown that Amelia is difficult to understanding what the speaker say to her. First, when the questioner (while showing bottle, bell, ball,   hunger, and notebook) asked her â€Å"Amelia what is this?† she always gives answers that doesn’t match with what questioner shown. Second, the questioner said that she has to repeat what the questioner said, but she answers with different word. And the last test the questioner said â€Å"Amelia finished this song ‘Marry had a little lamb’† then she continues the song  Ã¢â‚¬Å"little lamb little lamb Marry had a little lamb its fleece was white as snow†. When she wants to answer the question she needs more times to understand the speech. Based on the analysis about speech production and the case about Amelia Carter, it passes the several process to do something that we can see from the model below. So, the process of speech is succeed. But, when the brain has a damage, especially in the part of producing language in the Wernicke’s area on the temporal lobe on the left side of the brain because it is responsible for the comprehension of speech, the process of speech production can be hampered. As the result, what is taken out can not match, what we thinking about is not appropriate with what we say. The example is the case of Amelia Carter, she had stroke and it strikes the part of producing language in her brain. She loss the abillity to understand language. She can speak clearly, but the words that are put together make no sense. This way of speaking has been called word salad because it appears that the words are all mixed up like the vegetables in a salad.

Writing As A Technology Essay :: Handwriting Essays

Writing As A Technology Essay As I began contemplating what I would use as my writing technology I realized that this project was far more complex than I had anticipated. First the use of an object that was â€Å"natural† raised several issues. What is natural anymore? In our society things that may have been â€Å"natural† at one time are now mass-produced and full of technology. I finally came to the conclusion that I could probably not solve that issue or many others I had begun to worry about in the time I had to complete this assignment. Therefore I decided to choose something that was created by nature, at least initially, and that still could be created solely by natural methods if you chose to do so. I chose to form words using grapes. Although the grapes that I purchased at the grocery store involve a lot of technology, I still consider them to be â€Å"natural† because one could choose to grow the grapes him/herself and then use them as their method of writing. There are several reasons that I chose to use grapes. First of all they are small and lightweight which allows them to be extremely portable. Another advantage of the grapes size is that they are easy to manipulate into the shapes of the letters. Thus making it easy to spell out the words that you are trying to communicate. Another nice feature of the grapes is that they come in different colors, which allows for some creative expression when writing with them. I personally wrote with green grapes, because green is my favorite color. However, what I personally consider the best feature of the grapes is that once you are done using the grapes to communicate with your friend, they make a fantastic snack. Which also leads to some of the drawbacks of using grapes. There delicious nature seems to be a double-edged sword. On one hand the grapes make a wonderful snack after you are done using them, on the other hand they lack permanency if you chose to eat them.

What Does It Mean to Be an Effective Teacher?

What does it mean to be an effective teacher? Introduction There are many factors that contribute to what it means to be an effective teacher. They could be someone who has a deep understanding of what they are teaching and skills to create an ideal environment to encourage positive learning outcomes for students regardless of their background or ability (Victorian Department of Education & Training, 2005). They will have the ability to develop a variety of strategies and practices to support student’s learning through planning, implementing and evaluating their lessons and a positive philosophy on pedagogy. Some other factors that form a successful and effective teacher could include having a professional attitude, a variety of knowledge from a range of areas and exceptional planning and organisational skills. An effective teacher will have the means to successfully manage a classroom, an ongoing commitment to professional development and of course, an ability to relate to children. A philosophy, such as constructivism, reflecting the teacher’s ideals and morals and teaching abilities will also provide structure to an effective teacher. Professionalism A professional teacher encompasses a range of standards such as academic, ethical, legal, personal and cultural (professional standards, is discussed in depth further on) (Whitton, Barker, Nosworthy, Sinclair & Nanlohy, 2010). Academic standards involve attaining formal teaching qualifications and complying with the relevant state teaching authority’s requirements on supplementing qualifications with teaching certifications (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher will have attained the relevant qualifications and looked into their governing body’s standards and requirements to be able to teach. Ethical standards encompass undertaking the right conduct and practice in incorporation with the schools policies and procedures and the teachers own moral ideals and being sensitive to private information and transparent in behaviour (Whitton et al, 2010). Legal standards involve complying with child protection laws and providing relevant documentation clearing the teacher to work with children (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher will provide this documentation upon application in any teaching role. Legally, teachers are also providing a duty of care to students, protecting them from any reasonable foreseeable harm whenever they are involved in a school based activity (Whitton et al, 2010). Personal standards refer to performing the duties of the role employed for in an honest and integral manner (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher will need to appropriately â€Å"dress, act, speak and behave† (Whitton et al, 2010, p. 60). Arriving to school activities in a timely manner will also show a professional attitude (Whitton et al, 2010). Finally, cultural standards refer to respecting and showing tolerance towards students, parents and fellow staff from different race and religion (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher will encourage community cohesion, recognise and value other cultures and promote tolerance (NSW Department of Education & Training, 2005). A teacher with professional standards and ideals will be effective as an educator, co-worker and community leader. Teaching philosophy An effective teacher will have developed a philosophy of teaching that fits within their ideals and provides a positive learning outcome for students. A teacher will need to decide what type of teaching approach they want to use such as an authoritarian approach which demands student compliance; a permissive approach where the teacher is more of a friend than an authority figure or; an authoritative approach where expectations are explained and self-direction is encouraged (Whitton et al, 2010). Setting goals and objectives in line with what type of teacher they intend to be, interpreting the curriculum and understanding students learning needs and abilities will help provide structure and organisation in the classroom environment. A productive way to set out these goals, objectives and teaching philosophy could be by creating a teaching portfolio. A teaching portfolio will allow a teacher to list any personal achievements, what they hope to achieve in the teaching profession and how they hope to achieve it and will continue to change over time as different approaches to teaching are developed and evaluation and reflection on teaching practices are planned and implemented (Haugen, 1998; The University of Adelaide, 2005). Although not mandatory, a teaching philosophy, especially for a graduate teacher, will provide a platform to return to when facing uncertainty, anticipation or fear when teaching for the first time (Beginning Teachers, 2011). A teacher’s philosophy will influence how they teach and show that they are committed to their profession and creating a positive learning environment. An effective and common type of teaching philosophy involves a constructivist approach. Constructivism A constructivist approach to teaching is currently the main type of method used in Australia today (Fetherston, 2007). Constructivism typically involves students taking whatever they learn in the lesson, interpreting it with the assistance of their own view and memories and constructing an individual variant of the lesson (Fetherston, 2007). In most classrooms, this will happen in a group setting, known as social constructivism but can happen individually which is known as psychological constructivism (Fetherston, 2007). A social constructivism approach relies on language and interaction with others and is more effective if the others have a greater understanding of the task (Fetherston, 2007). Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, believed that adults can nurture a child’s approach to learning and development through encouraging them to undertake activities using physical and cognitive tools to further their performance and interpretation of the activity (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). In a classroom, a social constructivist approach will allow children to develop their thinking processes, communication and ability to complete tasks through social interaction then adopt an individual approach to tasks through repetition and personal interpretation (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). A psychological constructivist approach is based on a child’s physical and social environments effect on their cognitive development (Fetherston, 2007). Jean Piaget, a pioneer in child development, implied that people have four stages of development, each with their own characteristics starting from birth through to adulthood (Fetherston, 2007; McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). Piaget found that different cognitive processes take place, influencing a child’s interpretation of a task depending on the development stage they are in (Fetherston, 2007). In a classroom, using this approach would require the teacher to understand the stage of development the child is in and incorporate their abilities whilst in that stage to the presentation of the lesson. Adopting a constructivist approach, whether social or individual, to teaching will allow a teacher to have a range of well researched teaching strategies to incorporate into lessons, creating a positive, nurturing class environment (Fetherston, 2007). Knowledge & planning A teacher’s knowledge is not just about what they have learnt through study, but their knowledge of curriculum and content, issued by the relevant governing body; knowledge of students, including information gathered before meeting the student and information gathered whilst teaching; knowledge of the school environment, such as school history, policies and procedures; knowledge of the community the school is situated in and; self-knowledge of the teachers own teaching style (Whitton et al, 2010). By using their knowledge from all these fields, an effective teacher will be able to plan, implement and evaluate a lesson to attain an ideal learning outcome (Whitton et al, 2010). Planning a lesson will involve taking the required knowledge from the areas above and preparing to deliver it to the class (Whitton et al, 2010). Implementing a lesson will involve using the appropriate planned materials and resources to deliver the curriculum content to the students in the allocated timeframe (Whitton et al, 2010). Evaluation will require the teacher to reflect upon a number of factors including the students understanding of the lesson, the suitability of the lesson content and the teaching strategies used (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher will be organised so students are continually motivated to complete any tasks and participate in the lesson. Motivation Motivating students to participate in learning will require a positive, effective teaching strategy. Motivation can be described as setting students in the right direction and keeping them on track (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). Even though one person is not accountable for the motivation of another, a teacher should make learning attractive by offering incentives and positive reinforcement and encouraging self-motivation (Christophel, 1990). There are two types of motivation to understand, intrinsic motivation, when the student completes a task for no external reward or extrinsic motivation, where they receive an award or avoid punishment for completing a task (Marsh, 2008). Understanding the types of motivation will help the teacher set achievable learning goals for the students and attaining these goals through extrinsic motivation will encourage students to be more confident and in turn use intrinsic motivation to achieve tasks (Marsh, 2008). A motivating teacher will have a lasting effect on a student’s ability to learn. By understanding that student motivation decreases through the school years, an effective teacher will have strategies in place to engage students and keep them focused (Whitton et al, 2010). Some of the most effective motivational strategies include having a relaxed body position, enthusiasm and sensitivity, providing verbal encouragement and offering a simple smile (Christophel, 1990; Marsh, 2008). This will come across as positive to the student who will feel competent and self-efficient. Incorporating motivation into the classroom requires a teacher to have effective management techniques. Classroom management Being an effective teacher means setting in place a classroom management plan that encompasses proactive behaviour management, setting clear expectations and successful lesson planning skills (Queensland College of Teachers, n. d). This will create a positive, safe learning environment that can motivate and ncourage students to be involved in their learning experience. Proactive behaviour management will require the teacher to use effective, appropriate responses to misbehaviour that minimise disruption to the rest of the class (Bennett, 1994). A teacher will need to incorporate skills from a number of areas such as knowledge of curriculum and content, understanding of human development and planning skills to create an effective lesson (Whitton et al, 2010). They will also need to have: access to a variety of resources and materials to assist in presenting the lesson; teaching and learning strategies in place such as what instructional modes will be used to deliver the lesson, how the students will be grouped during the lesson, how much time will be allowed for the lesson, what space will be required to undertake the lesson and how the students will be assessed on their understanding of the lesson; exceptional interpersonal and intrapersonal skills to enhance how the teacher relates to students, co-workers, non-teaching staff and parents and; day to day classroom management and organisation abilities (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher will allow considerable time to prepare lessons and organise the management of the classroom. To continue to develop on these skills, the teacher will need to reflect on their skills and seek further development to enhance their abilities. Professional development & reflection Lastly, an effective teacher will continue to reflect upon their teaching and seek further development to enhance their pedagogical abilities. They will understand that being part of a dynamic profession, there is continual advancement in teaching and learning strategies therefore keeping up to date with any new information could improve their pedagogical skills (Victorian Department of Education, 2005). They will identify and understand any areas of development needed by seeking advice and support from co-workers and other experienced teachers, students and parents and from their own personal reflection (NSW Institute of Teachers, 2010). Failing to participate in further development or not feeling the need to update skills and knowledge, will impact on the students learning outcomes and the class environment. The NSW Institute of Teachers has a policy on continued professional development that lists the mandatory requirements for teachers to participate in authorised further development over 5 year periods (NSW Institute of Teachers, 2008). This could include participating in formal and informal training, conducting research or participating in staff development days (Whitton et al, 2010). The more knowledge a teacher has, the more they will understand their student’s learning abilities and how to create a positive learning environment. This will enhance their effectiveness as a teacher. Conclusion Being an effective teacher means having the ability to manage the classroom, having an understanding of how to relate to children and having a professional attitude and demeanour. They should have a wide knowledge base with a commitment to ongoing professional development and a philosophy on how they teach and why. An effective teacher will encourage students to be engaged and motivated to learn and be able to manage the classroom in a positive way that makes children feel safe and comfortable. If a teacher can encompass all these things they will find that they make themselves effective in their profession. References Bennett, B. (1994). Bump 1: Preventing and responding to misbehaviour through low-key responses. Classroom management: A thinking and caring approach. 10, 187-218 Retrieved from http://edocs. library. curtin. du. au/eres_display. cgi? url=dc60261243. pdf©right=1 Christophel, D. (1990). The relationships among teacher immediacy behaviours, student motivation, and learning. Communication Education, 39. Retrieved from http://professoryates. com/seu/Podcasts/Dissertation%20Research/SteveArticles11. 12C/Christophel90ImmediacyMotivationLearning. p df Department of Education & Training, Victoria, Office of School Education. (2005). Professional learning in effective schools: The seven principles of highly effective professional learning. Retrieved from http://www. eduweb. vic. gov. au/edulibrary/public/teachlearn/teacher/ProfLearningInEffectiveSchools. df Fetherston, T. (2007). Becoming an effective teacher. South Melbourne: Cengage Learning. Haugen, L. (1998). Writing a teaching philosophy statement. Retrieved from http://www. celt. iastate. edu/teaching/philosophy. html McDevitt, T. M. , & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Child development and education. (4th ed. ). New Jersey, USA. Pearson Education Inc. NSW Department of Education & Training. (2005). Cultural diversity and community relations policy: Multicultural education in schools. Retrieved from https://www. det. nsw. edu. au/policies/student_serv/equity/comm_rela/PD20050234. shtml? level= NSW Institute of Teachers. (2008). Policies: Professional competence. Retrieved from http://www. nswteachers. nsw. edu. au/Continuing-ProfessionalDevelopment/CPD-Policy/ NSW Institute of Teachers. (2010). Professional teaching standards. Retrieved from http://www. nswteachers. nsw. edu. au/Main-Professional-Teaching-Standards/ Queensland College of Teachers. (n. d). Classroom management: essential skills for classroom management. Retrieved from http://beginningtoteach. qct. edu. au/Teachingandlearning/ClassroomManagement. html The University of Adelaide, Centre for Learning and Professional Development. (2005). Developing your teaching portfolio. Retrieved from http://www. adelaide. edu. au/clpd/teaching/portfolio/t_portfolio. pdf

A Report On Substance Abuse Treatment Essay - 893 Words

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